13 November 2022 (MIA) 1002 – English king Æthelred II orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St. Brice’s Day massacre. 1093 – Battle of Alnwick English victory over the Scots, Malcolm III of Scotland, and his son Edward, are slain. 1553 – Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer and four others, including Lady Jane Grey, are accused of high treason and sentenced to death under Catholic Queen “Bloody” Mary I. 1775 – American Revolutionary War: Patriot revolutionary forces under Gen. Richard Montgomery occupy Montreal. 1841 – James Braid first sees a demonstration of animal magnetism, which leads to his study of the subject he eventually calls hypnotism. 1864 – The new Constitution of Greece is adopted. 1882 – Macedonian revolutionary Dobri Daskalov is born in Kavadarci. 1887 – Bloody Sunday clashes in central London. 1901 – The 1901 Caister Lifeboat Disaster. 1914 – Zaian War: Berber tribesmen inflict the heaviest defeat of French forces in Morocco at the Battle of El Herri. 1916 – Prime Minister of Australia Billy Hughes is expelled from the Labor Party over his support for conscription. 1918 – Allied troops occupy Constantinople, the capital of the Ottoman Empire. 1927 – The Holland Tunnel opens to traffic as the first Hudson River vehicle tunnel linking New Jersey to New York City. 1940 – Walt Disney’s animated musical film Fantasia is first released, on the first night of a roadshow at New York’s Broadway Theatre. 1941 – World War II: The aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal is torpedoed by U-81, sinking the following day. 1942 – World War II: Naval Battle of Guadalcanal: U.S. and Japanese ships engage in an intense, close-quarters surface naval engagement during the Guadalcanal Campaign. 1944 – WWII: Skopje is liberated. 1947 – The Soviet Union completes development of the AK-47, one of the first proper assault rifles. 1950 – General Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, President of Venezuela, is assassinated in Caracas. 1954 – Great Britain defeats France to capture the first ever Rugby League World Cup in Paris in front of around 30,000 spectators. 1956 – The Supreme Court of the United States declares Alabama laws requiring segregated buses illegal, thus ending the Montgomery Bus Boycott. 1966 – In response to Fatah raids against Israelis near the West Bank border, Israel launches an attack on the village of As-Samu. 1969 – Vietnam War: Anti-war protesters in Washington, D.C. stage a symbolic March Against Death. 1970 – Bhola cyclone: A 150-mph tropical cyclone hits the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), killing an estimated 500,000 people in one night. 1982 – The Vietnam Veterans Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C. after a march to its site by thousands of Vietnam War veterans. 1985 – The volcano Nevado del Ruiz erupts and melts a glacier, causing a lahar (volcanic mudslide) that buries Armero, Colombia, killing approximately 23,000 people. 1985 – Xavier Suárez is sworn in as Miami’s first Cuban-born mayor. 1986 – The Compact of Free Association becomes law, granting the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands independence from the United States. 1988 – Mulugeta Seraw, an Ethiopian law student in Portland, Oregon is beaten to death by members of the Neo-Nazi group East Side White Pride. 1989 – Hans-Adam II, the present Prince of Liechtenstein, begins his reign on the death of his father. 1990 – In Aramoana, New Zealand, David Gray shoots dead 13 people in a massacre before being tracked down and killed by police the next day. 1992 – The High Court of Australia rules in Dietrich v The Queen that although there is no absolute right to have publicly funded counsel, in most circumstances a judge should grant any request for an adjournment or stay when an accused is unrepresented. 1994 – A memorandum for long-term military cooperation between the Macedonia and the United States is signed during a visit of a US military delegation. 1994 – In a referendum, voters in Sweden decide to join the European Union. 1995 – A truck-bomb explodes outside of a US-operated Saudi Arabian National Guard training center in Riyadh, killing five Americans and two Indians. A group called the Islamic Movement for Change claims responsibility. 1997 – Fifteen countries, including Macedonia, signed the European convention for nationalities. The Convention envisaged multi-nationality, military obligations and cooperation between the signatory countries. 2000 – Philippine House Speaker Manny Villar passes the articles of impeachment against Philippine President Joseph Estrada. 2001 – War on Terror: In the first such act since World War II, US President George W. Bush signs an executive order allowing military tribunals against foreigners suspected of connections to terrorist acts or planned acts on the United States. 2002 – Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq agrees to the terms of the UN Security Council Resolution 1441. 2012 – A total solar eclipse occurred in parts of Australia and the South Pacific 2015 – A set of coordinated terror attacks in Paris, France including multiple shootings, explosions, and a hostage crisis in the 10th arrondissement of Paris and the 11th arrondissement of Paris kill 130 people, seven attackers, and injured 368 others, with at least 80 critically wounded.