29 October 2022 (MIA) 1888 – The Convention of Constantinople is signed, guaranteeing free maritime passage through the Suez Canal during war and peace. 1918 – The German High Seas Fleet is incapacitated when sailors mutiny on the night of the 29th-30th, an action which would trigger the German Revolution of 1918–19. 1921 – The Link River Dam, a part of the Klamath Reclamation Project, is completed. 1922 – King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy appoints Benito Mussolini as Prime Minister. 1923 – Turkey becomes a republic following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. 1929 – The New York Stock Exchange crashes in what will be called the Crash of ’29 or “Black Tuesday”, ending the Great Bull Market of the 1920s and beginning the Great Depression. 1940 – Dimitrija Cupovski, revolutionary, politician, scholar and historian, died in Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Leningrad. He was the first president of the Slav-Macedonian science literary association, founded in 1902. He also founded the National educational (1912) and the Russian-Macedonian association (1914) in St. Petersburg. He was born in Papradiste village, near Veles, in 1878. 1941 – The Holocaust: In the Kaunas Ghetto over 10,000 Jews are shot by German occupiers at the Ninth Fort, a massacre known as the “Great Action”. 1944 – The city of Breda in the Netherlands is liberated by 1st Polish Armoured Division. 1944 – The first edition of the newspaper Nova Makedonija was published in the village Gorno Vranovci, Veles. The second edition was published in the liberated Bitola and the third one in Skopje. 1945 – Getúlio Vargas, president of Brazil, resigns. 1948 – Safsaf massacre: Israeli soldiers capture Palestinian village of Safsaf in the Galilee and massacre villagers after they surrender. 1953 – BCPA Flight 304 DC-6 crashes near San Francisco. Pianist William Kapell is among the 19 killed. 1955 – The Soviet battleship Novorossiysk strikes a World War II mine in the harbor at Sevastopol. 1956 – Suez Crisis begins: Israeli forces invade the Sinai Peninsula and push Egyptian forces back toward the Suez Canal. 1956 – The Tangier International Zone is nationalized by Morocco. 1957 – Israel’s prime minister David Ben-Gurion and five of his ministers are injured when Moshe Dwek throws a grenade into Israel’s Knesset. 1961 – Syria exits from the United Arab Republic. 1964 – The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed the United Republic of Tanzania. 1967 – Montreal’s World Fair, Expo 67, closes with over 50 million visitors. 1969 – The first-ever computer-to-computer link is established on ARPANET, the precursor to the Internet. 1972 – The three surviving perpetrators of the Munich massacre are released from prison in exchange for the hostages of hijacked Lufthansa Flight 615. 1975 – The Macedonian writer and dramatist Risto Krle died. 1985 – Major General Samuel K. Doe is announced the winner of the first multi-party election in Liberia. 1986 – British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher opens the last stretch of the M25 motorway. 1991 – The American Galileo spacecraft makes its closest approach to 951 Gaspra, becoming the first probe to visit an asteroid. 1998 – In South Africa, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission presents its report, which condemns both sides for committing atrocities. 1998 – The Republic of Macedonia signs the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. 1998 – Space Shuttle Discovery blasts off on STS-95 with 77-year-old John Glenn on board, making him the oldest person to go into space. 1998 – While en route from Adana to Ankara, a Turkish Airlines flight with a crew of six and 33 passengers is hijacked by a Kurdish militant who orders the pilot to fly to Switzerland. The plane instead lands in Ankara after the pilot tricked the hijacker into thinking that he is landing in the Bulgarian capital of Sofia to refuel. 1998 – The Gothenburg discothèque fire in Sweden kills 63 and injures 200. 1999 – A large cyclone devastates Odisha, India. 2002 – Ho Chi Minh City ITC fire, a fire destroys a luxurious department store where 1500 people are shopping. Over 60 people die and over 100 are unaccounted for. It is the deadliest disaster in Vietnam during peacetime. 2004 – The Arabic-language news network Al Jazeera broadcasts an excerpt from a 2004 Osama bin Laden video in which the terrorist leader first admits direct responsibility for the September 11, 2001 attacks and references the 2004 U.S. presidential election. 2005 – Bombings in Delhi kill more than 60. 2008 – Delta Air Lines merges with Northwest Airlines, creating the world’s largest airline and reducing the number of US legacy carriers to five. 2012 – Hurricane Sandy hits the east coast of the United States, killing 148 directly and 138 indirectly, while leaving nearly $70 billion in damages and causing major power outages. 2015 – China announces the end of One Child Policy after 35 years.