24 September 2022 (MIA) 622 – Muhammad and his followers completed their Hijra from Mecca to Medina to escape religious persecution. 787 – Second Council of Nicaea: The council assembled at the church of Hagia Sophia. 1180 – Manuel I Komnenos, last Emperor of the Komnenian restoration dies. The Byzantine Empire slips into terminal decline. 1664 – The Dutch Republic surrenders New Amsterdam to England. 1789 – The United States Congress passes the Judiciary Act which creates the office of the United States Attorney General and the federal judiciary system, and orders the composition of the Supreme Court of the United States. 1830 – Belgian Revolution: A revolutionary committee of notables forms the Provisional Government of Belgium. 1852 – The first airship powered by (a steam) engine, created by Henri Giffard, travels 17 miles (27 km) from Paris to Trappes. 1869 – “Black Friday”: Gold prices plummet after Ulysses S. Grant orders the Treasury to sell large quantities of gold after Jay Gould and James Fisk plot to control the market. 1877 – Battle of Shiroyama, decisive victory of the Imperial Japanese Army over the Satsuma Rebellion. 1908 – Gunmen attempt to assassinate the Macedonian revolutionary Jane Sandanski in Thessaloniki. He was left wounded after the botched attempt. 1911 – His Majesty’s Airship No. 1, Britain’s first rigid airship, is wrecked by strong winds before her maiden flight at Barrow-in-Furness. 1914 – World War I: The Siege of Przemyśl (present-day Poland) begins. 1932 – Gandhi and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar agree to the Poona Pact, which reserved seats in the Indian provincial legislatures for the “Depressed Classes” (Untouchables). 1948 – The Honda Motor Company is founded. 1957 – Camp Nou, the largest stadium in Europe, is opened in Barcelona. 1960 – USS Enterprise, the world’s first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, is launched. 1968 – Swaziland joins the United Nations. 1973 – Guinea-Bissau declares its independence from Portugal. 1975 – Dougal Haston and Doug Scott on the Southwest Face expedition become the first people to reach the summit of Mount Everest by any of its faces. 1979 – CompuServe launches the first consumer internet service, which features the first public electronic mail service. 1991 – Nirvana releases the Nevermind album. 1993 – The Cambodian monarchy is restored, with Norodom Sihanouk as king. 1996 – Representatives of 71 nations sign the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty at the United Nations. 2007 – Between 30,000 and 100,000 people take part in anti-government protests in Yangon, Burma, the largest in 20 years. 2009 – The G20 summit begins in Pittsburgh with 30 global leaders in attendance. It marks the first use of Long-Range Acoustic Devices in U.S. history. 2013 – A 7.7-magnitude earthquake strikes southern Pakistan, killing more than 327 people. 2014 – The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), a Mars orbiter launched into Earth orbit by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), successfully inserted into orbit of Mars. 2015 – At least 1,100 people are killed and another 934 wounded after a stampede during the Hajj in Saudi Arabia.