25 September 2022 (MIA) 1066 – The Battle of Stamford Bridge marks the end of the Viking invasions of England. 1237 – England and Scotland sign the Treaty of York, establishing the location of their common border. 1396 – Ottoman Emperor Bayezid I defeats a Christian army at the Battle of Nicopolis. 1513 – Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches what would become known as the Pacific Ocean. 1790 – Peking opera is born when the Four Great Anhui Troupes introduce Anhui opera to Beijing in honor of the Qianlong Emperor’s eightieth birthday. 1868 – The Imperial Russian steam frigate Alexander Nevsky is shipwrecked off Jutland while carrying Grand Duke Alexei of Russia. 1906 – In the presence of the king and before a great crowd, Leonardo Torres y Quevedo successfully demonstrates the invention of the Telekino in the port of Bilbao, guiding a boat from the shore, in what is considered the birth of the remote control. 1911 – An explosion of badly degraded propellant charges on board the French battleship Liberté detonates the forward ammunition magazines and destroys the ship. 1926 – The international Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery is first signed. 1937 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Chinese Eighth Route Army gains a minor, but morale-boosting victory in the Battle of Pingxingguan. 1942 – World War II: Swiss Police instruction dictates that “Under current practice … refugees on the grounds of race alone are not political refugees”, effectively denying entry to Jews trying to flee occupied Europe during the Holocaust. 1943 – Niko Nestor died Tirana. He was one of the greatest leaders of the national liberation movement in Struga and its area. 1955 – The Royal Jordanian Air Force is founded. 1956 – TAT-1, the first submarine transatlantic telephone cable system, is inaugurated. 1959 – Solomon Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka is mortally wounded by a Buddhist monk, Talduwe Somarama, and dies the next day. 1960 – Peaceful Summer – the first feature film by a Macedonian director and producted by a Macedonian company – starts shooting in Ohrid. 1962 – The People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria is formally proclaimed. Ferhat Abbas is elected President of the provisional government. 1962 – The North Yemen Civil War begins when Abdullah al-Sallal dethrones the newly crowned Imam al-Badr and declares Yemen a republic under his presidency. 1963 – Lord Denning releases the UK government’s official report on the Profumo Affair. 1964 – The Mozambican War of Independence against Portugal begins. 1970 – Ceasefire between Jordan and the Fedayeen ends fighting triggered by four hijackings on September 6 and 9. 1978 – PSA Flight 182, a Boeing 727, collides in mid-air with a Cessna 172 and crashes in San Diego, killing 144 people. 1981 – Belize joins the United Nations. 1992 – NASA launches the Mars Observer, a $511 million probe to Mars, in the first U.S. mission to the planet in 17 years. Eleven months later, the probe would fail. 2000 – Two bone marrow transplants are performed in Macedonia – the first ones since the opening of the Transplantation Center in Skopje. 2003 – The 8.3 Mw Hokkaidō earthquake strikes just offshore Hokkaidō, Japan.