23 September 2024 (MIA)

 

1122 – Pope Callixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V agree to the Concordat of Worms to put an end to the Investiture Controversy.

 

1338 – The Battle of Arnemuiden was the first naval battle of the Hundred Years’ War and the first naval battle using artillery, as the English ship Christofer had three cannon and one hand gun.

 

1409 – Battle of Kherlen, the second significant victory over Ming dynasty China by the Mongols since 1368.

 

1459 – Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Wars of the Roses, is fought at Blore Heath in Staffordshire.

 

1568 – Spanish naval forces rout an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near Veracruz.

 

1641 – The Merchant Royal, carrying a treasure of over 100,000 pounds of gold (worth over £1 billion today), is lost at sea off Land’s End.

 

1642 – First commencement exercises occur at Harvard College.

 

1779 – American Revolution: John Paul Jones on board the USS Bonhomme Richard wins the Battle of Flamborough Head.

 

1780 – American Revolution: British Major John André is arrested as a spy by American soldiers exposing Benedict Arnold’s change of sides.

 

1803 – Second Anglo-Maratha War: Battle of Assaye between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India.

 

1806 – Lewis and Clark return to St. Louis after exploring the Pacific Northwest of the United States.

 

1821 – Tripolitsa, Greece, is captured by Greek rebels during the Greek War of Independence.

 

1845 – The Knickerbockers Baseball Club, the first baseball team to play under the modern rules, is founded in New York.

 

1846 – Astronomers Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier, John Couch Adams and Johann Gottfried Galle collaborate on the discovery of Neptune.

 

1868 – Grito de Lares (“Lares Revolt”) occurs in Puerto Rico against Spanish rule.

 

1889 – Nintendo Koppai (Later Nintendo Company, Limited) is founded by Fusajiro Yamauchi to produce and market the playing card game Hanafuda.

 

1899 – American Asiatic Squadron destroys a Filipino battery at the Battle of Olongapo.

 

1905 – Norway and Sweden sign the “Karlstad treaty”, peacefully dissolving the Union between the two countries.

 

1908 – University of Alberta is founded.

 

1909 – The Phantom of the Opera (original title: Le Fantôme de l’Opéra), a novel by French writer Gaston Leroux, is first published as a serialization in Le Gaulois.

 

1911 – Pilot Earle Ovington makes the first official airmail delivery in America under the authority of the United States Post Office Department.

 

1913 – Roland Garros of France becomes the first to fly in an airplane across the Mediterranean (from St. Raphael France to Bizerte, Tunisia).

 

1932 – The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd is renamed the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

 

1936 – First ascent of Siniolchu by a German team.

 

1938 – Mobilization of the Czechoslovak army in response to the Munich Crisis.

 

1942 – World War II: The Matanikau action on Guadalcanal begins: U.S. Marines attack Japanese units along the Matanikau River.

 

1943 – World War II: The Nazi puppet state known as the Italian Social Republic is founded.

 

1950 – Korean War: The Battle of Hill 282: The first US friendly-fire incident on British military personnel since World War II occurs.

 

1962 – The Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts opens in New York City.

 

1973 – Juan Perón returns to power in Argentina.

 

1980 – Bob Marley plays what would be his last concert in Pittsburgh.

 

1983 – Saint Kitts and Nevis joins the United Nations.

 

1983 – Gulf Air Flight 771 is destroyed by a bomb, killing all 117 people on board.

 

1984 – Vlado Maleski, a Macedonian revolutionist, social and political worker and renowned Macedonian writer, dies in Struga. He was a member of National Liberation Fight during the WWII and was one of the founders of Macedonian fiction. He is the author of the first Macedonian film, “Frosina.” He was born in Struga on Sept. 9, 1919.

 

1986 – Jim Deshaies of the Houston Astros sets a major league record by striking out the first eight batters he faces in a game against the Los Angeles Dodgers.

 

1999 – NASA announces that it has lost contact with the Mars Climate Orbiter.

 

2002 – The first public version of the web browser Mozilla Firefox (“Phoenix 0.1”) is released.

 

2004 – Over 3,000 people die in Haiti after Hurricane Jeanne produces massive flooding and mudslides.

 

2008 – Kauhajoki school shooting: Matti Saari kills ten people before committing suicide.

 

2012 – Iran blocks the use of Google as a search engine.

 

2017 – US President Donald Trump withdraws invitation to the White House for NBA champions Golden State Warriors after Stephen Curry says he doesn’t want to attend.

 

2018 – Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi launches “Modicare”, free heathcare for 500 million, world’s biggest healthcare program.

 

2019 – Climate activist Greta Thunberg scolds world leaders “How Dare You” for not addressing climate change at the UN Climate Action Summit in New York.

 

2019 – US police officer fired after arresting two six-year-olds at a school on charges of misdemeanor battery in Florida.

 

2020 – Alexander Lukashenko sworn in for sixth term as President of Belarus in a secret ceremony, amid continued widespread protests against his re-election.

 

2020 – Trump refuses to commit to a peaceful transfer of power after the US November election at a White House press conference.

 

2021 – Biden administration and EPA introduce first regulation against greenhouse gases, reduction of hydrofluorocarbons by 85% in 15 years.